Jacques Rancière: Politika fikce

Filosofický ústav AV ČR, Princeton University a Francouzský institut v Praze vás srdečně zvou na přednášku

Jacques Rancière: Politika fikce

7. 2. 2018, 19.00, Veletržní palác, Dukelských hrdinů 47, Praha 7

Přednáška známého francouzského filozofa.
(Přednáška byla přesunuta z 15. listopadu 2017 na 7. února 2018)

Vstup volný.
Francouzsky, simultánní tlumočení do češtiny.

Demokratická revoluce ve fikci není velkým vpádem mas na scénu historie. Tato revoluce naopak nastává ve chvíli, kdy řád, pomocí něhož jsou události uspořádané, je zároveň tím samým řádem, který způsobuje, že se něco přihodí právě těm, kterým se nic přihodit nemělo. Právě v tomto paradoxu spočívá politický aspekt literatury. Často bychom si přáli, aby politika donutila bojovníky vzít věci útokem a doprovázela jen vítězný pohyb historického procesu. Avšak možná jsou právě její dějiny vzdálené dějinám s velkým D, možná, že tato politika ve skutečnosti převrací čas, v němž si takový útok a vítězství vůbec představujeme.

Jacques Rancière (nar. 1940) je francouzský filosof, emeritní profesor na Univerzitě Paříž VIII v Saint-Denis. Zabývá se vztahem politiky a filosofie, Marxovým konceptem proletariátu, konceptem rovnosti a otázkami pedagogiky či estetiky. Byl žákem Louise Althussera na École Normale Supérieure s nímž se podílel na slavném sborníku Číst Kapitál (1968). Česky vyšla jeho kniha Neshoda. Politika a filosofie (1995, 2011). Mezi jeho další důležitá síla patří například Aisthesis. Scény z estetického režimu umění (2013) či Hloupý učitel. Pět lekcí o intelektuální emancipaci (1987).

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Jacques Rancière: Politique de la fiction

Conférence donnée par le célèbre philosophe français.

Entrée libre dans la limite des places disponibles.
Traduction simultanée en tchèque.

Aristote définissait la poésie par la production d'une fiction, c'est-à-dire d'une combinaison d'actions, qu'il opposait à la simple succession empirique des faits. Cette définition d'apparence anodine noue la fiction à une certaine idée de l'ordre causal mais aussi à une hiérarchie, où les sujets capables d'agir sont séparés des simples vivants. La fiction moderne a mis en cause cette hiérarchie en affirmant l'égale capacité de tout vivant à être un personnage de fiction. Elle a, du même coup, remis en question la logique causale de la narration.

Jacques Rancière (*1940) est un philosophe français, professeur émérite à l'Université de Paris VIII (Saint-Denis). Dans ses travaux, il étudie la relation qu'entretiennent la politique et la philosophie, au concept de l'égalité, questions de pédagogie ou d'esthétique. Elève de Louis Althusser à l'ENS, il participe en 1968 à l'ouvrage collectif Lire le Capital. Parmi ses travaux importants plus récents, on peut citer Aisthesis, Scènes du régime esthétique de l'art (2011) ou La Mésentente, (1995) ou bien Le Maître ignorant : Cinq leçons sur l'émancipation intellectuelle.

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Akce se koná v souvislosti s konferencí 1968 – 1989: PARIS – PRAGUE, která se uskutečnila 14. 11. 2017:

http://oskf.flu.cas.cz/akce/1968-1989

Pořádají FLÚ AV ČR, Princeton University a Francouzský institut v Praze

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On an anonymous poster distributed during the "Velvet Revolution" of 1989, there were two numbers: 89 and 68. These two numbers symbolized two main popular uprisings in Czechoslovakia as well as two promises of alternative forms of socialism. The poster was designed to be read from two different perspectives; a bold-printed number 89 could be turned over and read as 68 as if the autumn 89 were a mere inversion of spring 68. 1989 promised to be a new, more successful 1968.

1968 was distinctive for its transnational nature, as uprisings spread through such places as Mexico, the United States, China, and Senegal. In Europe, 1968's most striking and symbolically intense moments were France's "Mai 68" and Czechoslovakia's "Prague Spring." Each of these moments was marked by its own kind of hopes and its own attitude toward state power: on the one side (in France), a clear opposition to state power, and on the other (in Czechoslovakia), an effort to create a new coalition between state power and the people.

The "events of 1968" became a paradigmatic moment for an entire generation of philosophers. Philosophy reflected the events through a new set of philosophical concepts. Words like "the event" and "equality" became prominent in a new philosophical vocabulary. Various thinkers, including Jacques Rancière, directed their attention towards the supernumerary part of every situation and emphasized that struggles over equality are central to questions of politics.

With the reelection of the general de Gaulle in 1968 and the arrival of the troops of the Warsaw pact in Czechoslovakia, the hopes for a new social order awakened by both movements were progressively foreclosed. Some of these hopes were resurrected during Czechoslovakia's "Velvet Revolution" of 1989, as many participants began to call again for true workers' democracy and a renewed socialism. But the quick privatization of state assets and the liberalization of the market during the 1990s transformed the philosophical significance of 1989 into a primarily negative one, a marking point that was supposed to signal the closing of the historical sequence known as "communism." 1989 became a date symbolizing, for some, the culmination fixed historical processes and end of history; for others, who recalled the hopes that had been foreclosed, it symbolized a strange, incomprehensible catastrophe.

At the current moment, when the absence of emancipatory politics has opened a space for resurrected forms of xenophobia and nationalism, we see it as vital to rethink the meaning of 1989 in light of 1968. What affirmative aspects of those two events have been forgotten? What was the historical sequence that led to the shattering of the Second World? And ultimately, what did those events bring to philosophical thinking of their time? What new concepts and new philosophical vocabularies were initiated by those events? And how did the visions of France's Mai 1968 differ from similar ideas that emerged during the Prague Spring?

The goal of the conference: "1968-1989: PARIS – PRAGUE" is to think history along with philosophy, to think philosophy in its historicity, and to think through the emergence of philosophical concepts and truths in historical events. The conference will unite leading historians and cultural scholars working on these dates as well as philosophers investigating the philosophical meaning of historical events. The conference will take place on the occasion of French philosopher Jacques Rancière's first public presentation in Prague. Rancière will deliver a public lecture at the National Gallery in Prague, in addition to a keynote lecture at the conference itself. The conference will unite scholars working on the legacy of Central and Eastern European critical Marxism thought together with scholars focusing on the heritage of 1968 in continental philosophy.